The prevalence of suspected ventilator associated pneumonia in Scottish intensive care units Robert Hart, Scott McNeill, Sarah Maclean, Jamie Hornsby, Sarah Ramsay, 2020 Diagnosis, management and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU Serene New approaches to the aetiological diagnosis of VAP European Respiratory Society Healthcare providers consistently overestimate the diagnostic probability of ventilator associated pneumonia Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology Cambridge Core Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP): Why is it so difficult to define? In real world practice: The diagnosis of VAP remains more an exercise in clinical integration than strict adherence to criteria.